A novel approach of CZTS thin-film solar cell with controlled molybdenum disulfide interfacial layer and indium tin oxide (MoS2–ITO) back contact

The urgent need for sustainable and renewable energy sources has spurred extensive research into photovoltaic technologies. Kesterite-based copper‑zinc‑tin-sulfide (CZTS) has gained significant attention among the various thin-film solar cell materials. This study proposes an innovative design for CZTS thin-film solar cells incorporating controlled molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) interfacial layer at the indium tin oxide (ITO) back contact, as well as addressing the limitations of conventional materials and methods. In this work, Mo(1- x )S2( x ) with varying sulfur (S2) content ( x = 0.40, 0.45, 0.50, 0.55 and 0.60 w /w%) were synthesized using sol-gel process and deposited on ITO substrates using a spin-coater. Structural, morphological, optical and electrochemical characterizations of MoS2 thin films were conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV–Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The optimal composition, Mo(0.45)S2(0.55), achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.512%. Despite the modest efficiency due to the ITO substrate, this work highlights the feasibility of MoS₂ as a controlled interfacial layer on top of ITO back contact material for CZTS solar cells, paving the way for more sustainable and economical photovoltaic solutions.

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