Serological status of Aujeszky's Disease and Classical Swine fever in west of Peninsular Malaysia between 2019 and 2021

Aujeszky's disease (AD) and Classical Swine Fever (CSF) are two common diseases that have spread worldwide. Various porcine viral diseases exist in Malaysia, where AD and CSF are the most common viral endemic diseases in the country. The serological status of AD and CSF in Peninsular Malaysia was reported prior to 2018, with no updated data after that. Hence, in our study, we used commercial samples that were submitted to UPM between 2019 and 2021 to determine the serological status of AD and CSF in swine farms in Peninsular Malaysia. In this study, a convenient sampling method was applied to farms. The ELISA test was conducted using the IDEXX Pseudorabies Virus glycoprotein I (gpl) Antibody Test Kit for AD and the IDEXX Classical Swine Fever Ab ELISA Test Kit for CSF serology diagnosis. Seroprevalence of AD indicates infection status, while seroprevalence of CSF indicates protection status. All tested farms were categorized into four categories according to their location (Perak, Johor, Penang, Selangor & Malacca region). From 2019 to 2021, a total of 2780 samples from 61 farms were submitted for AD ELISA test. Overall infection rate of the AD field strain virus was 18.03% during the 3 years period. The AD infection rate is highly related to the region. Farms in the Johor region had the highest infection rate, while farms in the Perak region had the lowest infection rate. 1-6 weeks old piglets and breeders were more susceptible to infection. Statistical analysis showed that small herd size farms and open-house farms increased the risk of farm infection with AD. For CSF, from 2019 to 2021, a total of 3127 samples from 65 farms were submitted. There are 3 categories of farm status classification (ideal, moderate, and less ideal). 12.31% of farms were classified as ideal farm status with seroprevalence of 62.04% from 2019 to 2021. Farms in Johor region has the highest seroprevalence and the best farm CSF status (ideal), while farms from Penang region has CSF status that is not ideal. Breeder herd were generally having a higher CSF protection lever, especially in sows. The seroprevalence of CSF was also related to herd size, herd type, type of housing system, vaccine brand, and vaccination procedure. Overall, the prevention and control effects of AD have remained good and stable, while the protection of CSF is not ideal in Peninsular Malaysia.

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