Intention of smartphone application usage in diabetes self-management and its associated factors among patients with diabetes: a cross-sectional study

Introduction: Many Malaysians with diabetes lack sufficient knowledge about diabetes selfmanagement. With the widespread adoption of smartphones, mobile health (mHealth) solutions could help empower patients with diabetes to self-manage their condition effectively. This study aimed to determine the intention of patients with diabetes to use diabetes self-management applications (DSMAs) and its associated factors in a primary care setting. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a government health clinic in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur from 1 July to 30 September 2019. We recruited 723 patients with diabetes using systematic random sampling. A validated self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate patients’ intention to use DSMAs and its associated factors were determined via multiple logistic regression. Results: Among 719/723 patients with diabetes included in the analysis, 49.9% intended to use DSMAs. Those who had a household income of >RM 6000 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=10.652, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.709–66.398, P<0.011), agreed (AOR=8.959, 95% CI=3.327– 24.128, P<0.001) or neutrally agreed (AOR=3.403, 95% CI=1.188–9.749, P=0.023) with the perceived usefulness of DSMAs, did not have resistance to change (AOR=2.458, 95% CI=1.293– 4.672, P=0.006) and had a facilitating condition (AOR=9.454, 95% CI=2.718–32.881, P<0.001) had higher odds of intending to use DSMAs than their counterparts. Conclusion: Nearly half of patients with diabetes intend to use DSMAs, indicating the potential of DSMAs as alternative tools for assisting in diabetes self-management. Education focusing on the usefulness of DSMAs and exploring facilitating conditions with patients can help increase the intention of patients to use DSMAs.

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