Assessment of allergic reaction of Covid-19 vaccination among Malaysian adults: a cross-sectional study

Introduction: The AstraZeneca, Pfizer-BioNTech, and Sinovac-CoronaVac vaccines presented side-effects in their clinical trials thus, this study aims to assess the allergic reaction post-Covid-19 vaccination among Malaysian adults. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using simple random sampling via social media platforms from March 2022 to June 2022. The study included an online questionnaire regarding sociodemographic, vaccine and allergy reactions. The inclusion criteria were Malaysian adults aged above 18 years old. Pregnant women, lactating women and individuals with comorbidities were included. The exclusion criteria were children aged below 18 years old and non-Malaysians. Estimated sample size using Cochran formula is 385 respondents (95% confidence interval, 5% margin error and 50% assumption of population proportion). Results: The response rate was 81% (315 respondents) with no previous history of Covid-19 infection and based on their first vaccination. Most of the respondents’ age was between 21 to 30 and female (76%). Most respondents received Pfizer-BioNTech (48.9%), followed by Sinovac-CoronaVac (27.4%), and AstraZeneca (23.6%). Few respondents (7.59%) who received mRNA-based vaccines had mild allergic reactions, followed by the viral vector, and inactivated virus vaccines. Overall, 14.5% of respondents had mild allergic reactions characterized by superficial, and respiratory symptoms, while 0.28% experienced severe symptoms. Few respondents experienced allergic reactions which were similar to those reported in clinical trials. Conclusion: The most common allergic reaction was shortness of breath and wheezing. There is no significant association between type of vaccine and allergy (p> 0.05), further research is still needed to investigate long-term effects of Covid-19 vaccination.

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