All-physical synergistic regulation of charge injection and transport for high-efficiency energy storage in polymer dielectrics at elevated temperatures

Polymer film capacitors are extensively utilized in contemporary electronic devices and power systems because they offer high energy density (Ud), rapid charge-discharge performance, and outstanding cycling stability. However, their application under high-temperature and high-voltage conditions is still limited by the rapid increase in conduction loss. To address this key challenge, this work proposes a strategy that synergistically regulates electrode injection and bulk conduction mechanisms to significantly enhance the high-temperature energy storage performance (ESP) of polyetherimide (PEI)-based polymer dielectrics. Specifically, Au nanoparticles are introduced into the composites via physical vapor deposition, and their Coulomb blockade effect can effectively suppress carrier transport. Subsequently, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is applied to the film surface to induce the formation of trap-rich structures with polar functional groups, thereby reducing charge injection. The synergistic effect of these two modifications substantially suppresses conduction loss under extreme conditions. Consequently, the composites achieve Ud ≈ 7.4 J·cm−3 and energy efficiency (η) ≈ 93.4% at 150 °C and 640 MV·m−1 markedly outperforming the untreated PEI film. This study proposes a practical modification strategy to promote the application of polymer dielectrics in high-temperature energy storage.

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