Rescaling the rungs of Arnstein’s Ladder of Community Participation framework on the localisation of the Sustainable Development Goals

Localising Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is a process through which local governments adapt global objectives to address local needs and priorities, enhancing relevance and accountability. This study examines SDG localisation within the Malaysian local government system using Sherry Arnstein’s Ladder of Citizen Participation as a theoretical framework. This research assesses citizen input sharing, decision-making, program implementation, and monitoring functions in the local government SDGs initiative towards varying levels of Arnstein’s citizen engagement. Data from 162 respondents were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), revealing significant relationships between community participation and perceived empowerment. Findings highlight the need for continuous community engagement across SDG implementation stages to foster inclusive, sustainable development. Recommendations for policy enhancements and inclusive participation frameworks are discussed.

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