Effects of Elateriospermum tapos yogurt on metabolic syndrome and cognitive function of obese dams and their offsprings

Maternal obesity is an intergenerational cycle and serve as an indicator for transgenerational inheritance of metabolic dysregulation and cognitive deficits. However, the current available treatments often come with adverse effects. As a result, natural products have emerged as a novel approach to combat maternal obesity and its associated complications. One such natural product is the seed of a plant called Elateriospermum tapos (E. tapos), which contains beneficial bioactive compounds that can effectively prevent obesity and improve learning ability. Simultaneously, the consumption of yoghurt during pregnancy has been found to provide long-term health benefits for both the pregnant subject and the offspring. In light of this, this study aims to investigate the effects of E. tapos yoghurt on maternal obesity-induced metabolic dysregulation and cognitive deficits in the F1 generation. In this study, 48 female Sprague Dawley rats were used. The rats were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for a period of 16 weeks to induce obesity, and upon successful obesity induction all the rats were allowed to mate. After confirming pregnancy, obese dams were given varying doses of E. tapos yoghurt (5, 50, and 500 mg/kg) until postnatal day 21 (PND 21). On PND 21, anthropometrical parameters, serum metabolic profile, histopathological analysis of fat tissue, behavioral test (open field, novel object and place recognition test), oxidative status in serum and hypothalamus, and protein expression in the hippocampus were assessed on obese dams and its offspring. The results shows that the obese dams and their male and female offspring of E. tapos supplemented obese dams in 50 and 500 mg/kg/day shows a body mass index (BMI), Lee index, waist circumference, metabolic parameters, fat tissue feature (visceral, gonadal, and retroperitoneal white adipose tissue), recognition index, and anxiety level similar to control group. The obese dams and its male and female offspring of 50 and 500 mg/kg showed the similar serum and hypothalamic level of ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) and glutathione (GSH) level with identical protein expression in the hippocampus as in the control group. Among the identified mechanisms, the top eight expressed genes in male offspring and female offspring’s hippocampus were caspase 3 (Casp3), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (Hif1α), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (SRC), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). These genes were also critical targets of the most vibrant bioactive compounds (flazin, medicagol, and Scropolioside A) found in E. tapos yoghurt which targets the PI3K-Akt pathway in ameriolating metabolic syndrome and cognitive function of obese dam’s offspring. However, all these effects is more prominent at the dose of 50 mg/kg in male offspring and 500 mg/kg in female offspring. In conclusion, gestational supplementation of E. tapos yoghurt up to weaning effective in the modulation of metabolic syndrome and cognitive function in obese dams and its offspring at the dose of 50 and 500 mg/kg/day.

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