Chemical bath deposition of MoS2 thin films on plastic optical fibre for room-temperature hydrogen sensing

Hydrogen gas (H₂) is an increasingly vital energy carrier, but its highly flammable nature demands reliable and selective sensing systems. In this study, an optical H₂ sensor was developed by coating two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) thin films onto a side-polished plastic optical fibre (POF). The MoS2 sensing layer was synthesized using the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method, producing nanostructured films with porous morphology (10–40 nm nanogranules) and good crystallinity as confirmed by XRD. The deposited MoS₂ layer adhered uniformly to the fibre surface, enabling strong interaction with the guided light through the exposed fibre core. Optical absorbance measurements revealed a clear, consistent response to H₂ concentrations (0.25–1.00 %), with a linear sensitivity of 0.3084 a.u./% H₂ (R² = 0.9476). The sensor exhibited rapid response times decreasing from 5 min at 0.25 % H₂ to 3 min at 1.00 % H₂, and recovery times between 5–7 min depending on concentration. These results confirm that nanostructured, crystalline MoS2 coatings provide abundant active sites for H₂ adsorption, leading to fast and sensitive optical detection. This integration of CBD-grown MoS2 with optical fibres demonstrates a promising pathway for low-power, electromagnetic interference (EMI) immune, and compact H₂ sensing applications.

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