Effectiveness of theory-based immunisation health education intervetion in improving child immunisation uptake among antenatal mothers in Gusau, Nigeria

In 2023, there were 38 confirmed cases of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 in Zamfara State. Routine immunisation coverage for children aged 12–23 months was very poor in Nigeria (31%), with Zamfara state being among the states with the most deficient coverage (<10%). Lack of good maternal knowledge, attitude, outcome expectation, cultural beliefs, assumptions on religious regulations and self-efficacy significantly influence child immunisation uptake in Nigeria. There is no standard protocol in the country to guide antenatal health workers on boosting compliance regarding child immunisation uptake among their clients. The main aim of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate the effects of an immunization health educational intervention based on Social Cognitive Theory on childhood immunisation uptakes, among pregnant women in a hospital in Nigeria. The study was a double-blind parallel-group randomised controlled trial, where baseline data was collected from 382 antenatal mothers, after which they were evenly randomised using randomly generated permuted block sizes. Follow-up data using the same questionnaire was collected 6 weeks post-delivery, 10 weeks post-delivery and 14 weeks post-delivery. The Generalized Linear Mixed Model analysis was carried out to determine the overall effect of the intervention using SPSS version 25. The intervention was significant in achieving both primary and secondary outcomes respectively, for the intervention group over the control group. Childhood immunisation uptake was higher for the intervention group over the control group. The immunisation health educational intervention was effective in positively affecting the outcome variables studied and, as such, recommended for adoption as part of routine health education at antenatal care clinics in the state.

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