Potential protective effects of curcumin on aspirin-induced toxicity kidney in rats

Introduction: Aspirin, a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is known for its benefits in preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and offering protective effects against cancer when administered at preventative doses. However, excessive aspirin consumption can lead to hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and life-threatening complications. Curcumin, a yellow-colored polyphenol derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa), possesses various biological properties, including protective effects against drug-induced toxicity. This study aims to evaluate the protective role of curcumin against aspirin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats by assessing kidney function parameters. Materials and Methods: Twelve adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three equal groups: Group I (control), Group II (aspirin 300 mg/kg b.wt/orally), and Group III (aspirin 300 mg/kg b.wt/orally + curcumin 400 mg/kg b.wt/orally). Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis after 14 and 28 days, and kidney tissues were examined histopathologically. Results: After two weeks, no significant changes in serum creatinine and uric acid levels were observed in either the untreated or curcumin-treated aspirin groups. However, after four weeks, the untreated aspirin group exhibited a statistically significant increase in these biomarkers. Histopathological analysis further revealed notable kidney damage, including glomerular tuft retraction and brush border loss. Interestingly, curcumin administration over four weeks led to a dose-dependent reduction in elevated kidney function biomarkers, mitigating aspirin-induced damage. Conclusion: The findings suggest that curcumin exerts protective effect against aspirin-induced nephrotoxicity likely due to its antioxidant properties, with significant benefits observed after four weeks of continuous administration.

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