Developing a conceptual framework based on Colour, Material, and Finish (CMF) to enhance smart product market competitiveness

As smart products increasingly shape user lifestyles, the role of Color, Material, and Finish (CMF) in influencing user perception, experience, and market competitiveness has become more critical. Traditional CMF approaches, however, remain limited in addressing the complex sensory and emotional needs of users in contemporary smart product design. To address this gap, this study proposes an extended CMFPSE framework, which integrates Pattern, Sense, and Emotion alongside traditional CMF elements, aiming to enhance both user experience and market differentiation. A systematic four-step research methodology was employed, consisting of identifying target objectives, conducting a literature review, determining key design variables, and developing the conceptual framework. The findings highlight that the strategic application of CMFPSE elements can strengthen brand storytelling, foster emotional connections, and meet user expectations, particularly in wearable and interactive products. By linking aesthetic, functional, and emotional factors, CMFPSE offers designers a multidimensional perspective that guides decision-making and enhances user engagement, brand identity, and market competitiveness. While the framework is conceptual and has not yet been empirically validated. Future research should focus on applying and testing the framework through user studies, interviews, and surveys to evaluate its effectiveness in real-world smart product design.

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