Psychosocial factors and ergonomic assessment for developing an educational ergonomic module to prevent musculoskeletal disorders among Malaysian traffic police

Traffic police officer deals with many kinds of risks such as health hazards while controlling traffic. They are required to stand the entire time they are on duty and are prone to stationary posture, which increases their chance of developing major musculoskeletal disorders. The chances increase as the factors contribute to declining mental health condition such as excessive demands on the job, limited control on the job, and poor social support are present. One of the methods to reduce the risk of developing Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) is by enforcing a module in conjunction with the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) regulations. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the psychosocial and ergonomics factors for the development of an Educational Ergonomic Module in the prevention of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) among Malaysian Traffic Police. This study used a cross-sectional study design via surveys among Peninsular Malaysian Traffic Police. A total of 408 respondents randomly selected were needed to recruit in this study considering not violating the exclusion criteria. The instruments involved throughout the study are questionnaire, and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA). The questionnaire was modified from previous research and consists of five sections which are individual information, lifestyle information, occupational information, Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaires (NMQ), and Police Stress Questionnaire (PSQ). The questionnaire has a good reliability Cronbach’s Alpha value ranging from 0.93 to 0.99. The result from this study revealed that out of 60.7% reported at least one pain in a body part, the highest prevalence reported is on the neck with 45.6% followed by the shoulder (43.2%) and the least reported body part is the elbow with 13.9% of respondents having the pain. Meanwhile, the prevalence of psychosocial factors reported a 50.3% of respondents indicates high stress for operational factors and 42.1% of high stress for organisational factors. From a logistic regression analysis, it was found that an operational and organisational factor are significant in association between the prevalence of MSDs with odds 1.330 and 1.378 respectively. However, other risk factors were found to be no associations with MSDs. This research further suggests that employers can consider revising and stipulating a plan to reduce the worker’s susceptibility to having musculoskeletal disorders for a better quality of life in conjunction with the current legislations.

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