Proficiency of higher-order thinking skills in Malaysian primary science curriculum: insights from Year 5

This study examines the proficiency of higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) among Year 5 primary school students in Malaysia's science curriculum. A survey involving 280 students selected through stratified sampling was conducted to evaluate their mastery of HOTS, focusing on their ability to analyze, evaluate, and apply scientific concepts. Results indicated a moderate level of proficiency, highlighting gaps in independent application and creative problem-solving. These findings underscore the importance of tailored instructional strategies and the development of targeted teaching modules to improve HOTS. Future studies should investigate the long-term impact of such interventions and the role of teacher training in fostering these skills.

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