Production of silver nanoparticles using a locally isolated Malaysian bacterial strain: a microbial approach for alternative antimicrobial agents

The overprescription and misuse of antibiotics contribute to rising bacterial resistance, highlighting the need for new antimicrobial strategies. Silver nanoparticles have emerged as promising agents due to their superior efficiency, attributed to a high surface-to-volume ratio. Non-biological methods for producing silver nanoparticles face significant challenges, including tedious processes, high costs, and harmful by-products post-synthesis. This study investigates the extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles using a bacterial strain locally isolated from Selangor, chosen for its cost-effectiveness, rapid reduction properties, and eco-friendly residues. 16S rRNA sequencing was conducted to identify the bacterial phylogeny followed by physicochemical characterisation of the silver nanoparticles. Antimicrobial properties were evaluated using disk diffusion and bacterial growth inhibition assays. 16S rRNA sequencing showed high homology to Bacillus. UV-vis spectroscopy revealed the formation of nanoparticles with a peak at 420 nm while dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed a low polydispersity index (0.20) with 139.73±13.63 nm average particle size. Electron microscopy showed spherical nanoparticles, uniformly distributed with an average diameter of <25 nm, and the presence of a capping agent. Elemental dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis confirmed 27.41% silver content with minimal residues. Antimicrobial testing against Escherichia coli DH5-α demonstrated a 0.87±0.12 cm inhibition zone in the disk diffusion assay, and 10% (v/v) silver nanoparticles inhibited bacterial growth by 50% in the growth inhibition assay. The nanoparticles were found to be 1.5 times more effective than non-nano silver derived from silver nitrate (AgNO3). Thus, these bacterial-synthesised silver nanoparticles show potential as an alternative for antimicrobial agent.

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