Fault-resilient hybrid topology-based latency-aware optical access networks for smart cities

We introduce a fault-resilient and latency-aware optical access network interconnection for smart city applications, based on a hybrid topology. The proposed architecture provides resilient and self-restorable wavelength division multiplexing point-to-point transmission, time division multiplexing point-to-multipoint transmission, and upstream transmission and intra-optical distribution network communication among optical network units (ONUs). The hybrid topology (star+ring) interconnection ensures dynamic resource allocation according to traffic load in the optical access network. In addition, the fault-tolerant design ensures seamless connection via an alternative link in the event of a fault inside the distribution ring. The proposed architecture achieved BER values ranging from 10−9 to 10−12 for different interconnections. For star interconnections, the received power is approximately −23.02dBm at a 100-m distribution fiber (DF) length and −23.08dBm at a 500-m DF length. For ring interconnections with a 100-m DF length, the received power ranges from approximately −24.02dBm (for RN 1) to −28.58dBm (for RN 4). For all operating modes, including fault-free situations (normal conditions) and scenarios with faults in the transmission link, it can give a Q-factor of >6. For star interconnection, latency varies from 98.46μs (DF 100 m) to 100.42μs (DF 500 m). Similarly, the ring interconnection latency (98.46 to 99.93μs) across remote nodes (RNs) (RN 1, RN 2, RN 3, and RN 4). The latency for inter-ONU communication among ONUs of the same RNs is 7 ns. Hence, the proposed architecture can be used in smart cities to provide high-speed connectivity with lower operational expenses.

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