Optimization of hydrodeoxygenation of palm fatty acid distillate to green diesel over a MOF-derived catalyst using response surface methodology

An efficient MOF derived Ni@MOF-Cr2O3 based catalyst was prepared by incorporating 14 wt% Ni onto a pyrolyzed MIL-101 support, and its performance was evaluated for the palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) conversion to green diesel via hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) pathway. The effects of key operating parameters were investigated using Response Surface Methodology based on a Central Composite Design (RSM-CCD) to optimize the reaction conditions. The results indicated that the maximum green diesel yield of 94.41% was achieved under optimal conditions (temperature: 385.06 °C, reaction time:118.81 min, catalyst loading: 4.49 wt%) at a constant H2 pressure of 3 MPa. Statistical analysis revealed that the relations between reaction temperature and catalyst loading significantly influenced the green diesel yield. Furthermore, the reliability of the developed model in predicting the green diesel yield under various operating conditions has been successfully validated, with a prediction deviation of approximately 0.5%. In addition, under the optimized reaction conditions, the catalyst demonstrated excellent stability, retaining a high green diesel yield (>90%) over nine reuse cycles without a significant decline in catalytic activity. The physicochemical properties of the obtained green diesel were evaluated based on established fuel standards and showed general compliance with the specifications outlined in ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. Therefore, this study postulates the potential economic viability and industrial feasibility of efficiently producing green diesel from PFAD over the 14Ni@MOF-Cr2O3 catalyst.

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