Serotonin and Calcitonin gene polymorphisms among migraine subjects in the Klang Valley, Malaysia

Migraine is a recurring and often severe neurological condition known for causing intense headaches, along with symptoms like nausea and sensitivity to light and sound. It is a widespread issue, a leading cause of disability worldwide, and has links to both genetics and the environment. This study was conducted to investigate the genetic variations in Serotonin (Hydroxytryptamine-HT) and Calcitonin (CGRP) genes, which are potential factors in migraine risk, as previous studies in various populations yielded inconsistent results regarding their connection to migraines. A case-control study was performed among individuals with and without migraine in the Klang Valley population to investigate the connection between these genetic variations and migraine. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, blood samples were collected from 113 samples from migraine subjects and 163 from control subjects. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood using commercially available kits and genotyping analysis for 5- hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A (HTR1A), 5- hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B (HTR1B), 5- hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (HTR2A), 5- hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C (HTR2C), and calcitonin gene-related peptide alpha (CALCA) are analyzed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Polymerase Chain Reaction- Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphis, (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Among the modifiable risk factors we have found the significant difference observed in gender, education, job, salary and marital status (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was found in age, BMI, race, comorbid, smoking habit, family history and weight. A significant difference in the polymorphisms in the HTR2A (P=0.000) and CALCA (P=0.001) genes were observed between migraine and control subjects. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed for genotypic frequencies between migraine and control subjects of HTR1A, HTR1B, and HTR2C gene polymorphism. The data implies that genetic variations in the HTR2A and CALCA genes could potentially contribute to migraine risk, but further research with larger sample sizes and different gene variants is needed to confirm this association among Malaysians.

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