Educational intervention on cervical cancer screening knowledge, attitude, and practice among Yemeni immigrant women in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite the fact that several studies have looked at the topic among women in various countries, few studies have attempted to address the significance of cervical cancer screening among immigrant women. CC can be prevented using a variety of screening techniques. Lack of knowledge, mobility, language barriers, cultural differences, unfamiliarity with local health care services, limited eligibility for publicly and privately supported health care programs, and financial circumstances are obstacles to using these preventive measures among those Yemeni immigrant women. This study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of cervical screening among Yemeni immigrant women in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The intervention was guided by the Health Belief Model. Health education is one public health instrument that encourages people to protect themselves from preventable diseases. Based on the researchers knowledge, no published works employing the HBM in an educational program with regard to CC among Yemeni immigrant women have been found. Thus, using health education methods to provide crucial information about CC prevention can make this study the driving force behind changes in CC knowledge, attitude, and screening practice. One hundred and ten Yemeni immigrant women participated in a randomized controlled trial in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. An online health education program on CC and CCS was given to the intervention group participants. On the other hand, the same educational materials were given to the participants in the control group at the end of the study. Data was gathered at the baseline, immediately after the intervention, and then again three months later. A Generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to analyze the data using IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 25) in order to evaluate the differential changes over time. The results of the study show that there was a significant improvement in CCS practice between the intervention and control groups. In comparison to 9% in the control group, 51% of the intervention group reported using CCS practices. In addition, there was a significant improvement in the mean scores of knowledge (0.04 to 0.628), perceived susceptibility (2.82 to 3.652), perceived seriousness (3.02 to 3.650), perceived benefits (2.5 to 3.777), health motivation (2.98 to 3.609) after the intervention compared with the scores before the intervention. Besides, there has been a significant decrease in the barriers to screening (3.6 to 2.795). Conclusion: Online educational intervention was effective in improving women's knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cervical cancer and its screening.

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