Potential chemopreventive effects of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees on 1,2-Dimethylhydarizne fat diet-induced colorectal cancer in Sprague Dawley rats

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers, significantly causing an increase in mortality rate. Obesity has been identified as a significant contributing factor in the growth of colorectal cancer (CRC). Andrographis paniculata (Hempedu bumi) is a herbaceous plant renowned for its chemopreventive qualities. This current study investigates the effect of A.paniculata ethanol extract (APEE) against 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and High-fat diet-induced colorectal cancer in Sprague Dawley rats. 48 male Sprague Dawley rats were allocated to negative control group (N and H) fed with normal diet and HFD, while positive control (NC and HC), drug control (HCF) and treatment group (HCAP125, HCAP250 and HCAP500) were fed with HFD and induce with DMH.CRC was induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 40mg/kg, i.p once a week, for 10 weeks) and a high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks in Sprague Dawley rats. APEE was orally administrated at a dose of 125mg/kg,250mg/kg, and 500mg/kg to the rats for 20 weeks. The blood serum was collected for Elisa test at the end of the experiment. Colon and retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RpWAT) were collected for histopathological study. The rats in the HC group exhibited substantially reduced body weight and retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RpWAT) weight compared to the rats in the H group (p < i0.05). HFD/DMH-induced rats showed abnormal crypt and significantly (p<0.05) increased total aberrant crypt foci (ACF) number. A.paniculata ethanol extract at the doses 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg improved the dysplastic state of the colon tissue and found a 19% and 32% significant (p<0.05) reduction in the total ACF, respectively. HFD significantly (p<0.05) increases the average area of the adipocyte cell, and A.paniculata extract at 500mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduces the size of the adipocyte cell. The serum leptin and insulin were significantly (p<0.05) high in the HFD and HFD/DMH rats, and A.paniculata significantly (p<0.05) reduced the leptin and insulin level. In icompare, there are no major changes in the serum adiponectin level. Moreover, phytochemical screening revealed that A.paniculata ethanol extract has an abundance in terpenoid and flavonoid compounds, which are rich in anti-cancer properties. The results of this study indicate that the ethanol extract of A.paniculata exhibits potential anti-cancer effects against HFD/DMH-induced CRC, as well as demonstrating features that inhibit adipogenesis and obesity.

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