Efficient nanolignocellulose synthesis from edamame peel waste using an Amberlite IR-120 catalytic route

The development of efficient synthesis methods to valorize biomass feedstocks is essential for a circular bioeconomy. This study details the synthesis of nanolignocellulose (NLC) from edamame peel waste, an underutilized agro-industrial residue, using an Amberlite IR-120 catalytic route. The synthesis was optimized by varying catalyst concentration (0.5–2.0 M) at 80 °C for 3 h. The efficiency of this route was confirmed by the successful production of NLC with high crystallinity (up to 49.94%) and fine nanofibrillar diameters (down to 4.24 nm) at the optimal concentration of 1 M. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed the effective removal of amorphous hemicellulose and lignin. Catalyst reusability was systematically evaluated over three successive cycles. The average fibril diameter increased to 6.10 nm (RNLC1), 9.46 nm (RNLC2), and 10.10 nm (RNLC3), indicating progressive loss of catalytic efficiency with repeated use. Correspondingly, the crystallinity index increased slightly to 52.95% after the first reuse but decreased sharply to 39.32% after the second cycle before partially recovering to 50.13% in the third cycle. This study validates that the use of Amberlite IR-120 is a sustainable alternative to liquid acids, producing high-value NLC suitable for applications in biocomposites and packaging.

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