Exploring the application of the PERMA model in tourism research over the past 5 years (2020-2025): a thematic review of wellbeing and tourism development

The PERMA model provides a comprehensive framework for assessing tourist wellbeing by integrating both hedonic and eudaimonic dimensions. The limited application of the PERMA framework in tourism research, especially in addressing cultural variability, emotional complexity, and processual aspects of wellbeing has become a growing concern among scholars. Additionally, longitudinal and context-sensitive approaches are needed to examine how these wellbeing elements influence tourist behaviours and experiences, and contribute to lasting psychological wellbeing throughout diverse tourism contexts. This study evaluates articles published between 2020 and 2025 to explore the application of the PERMA model in tourism studies. Utilizing a thematic review methodology, this research incorporates keywords from the SCOPUS and WoS databases. The thematic review analysis reveals two key themes. The findings offer practical insights for designing inclusive and sustainable tourism experiences. Notably, this study identifies a significant gap in the application of the PERMA model and wellbeing research within tourism contexts. Addressing this gap can inform policy development, tourism management, and future research with the ultimate goal of enhancing both individual and collective wellbeing through tourism.

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