Proximate analysis and phytochemical screening of selected fruit and vegetable peels readily available in Malaysia

Fruit peels are a substantial source of nutrients and specific phytochemicals that may be efficiently utilised for the creation of nutraceuticals and to enhance food security. Wastes from fruits and vegetables, especially their peels, are used to make carbon dots, biochar, edible films, and biosorbents. Although these methods are still in their infancy, these items are ecologically friendly and sustainable, and they could be useful. This research aims to assess the proximate analysis and phytochemical screening of the peels of three fruits (banana, orange, watermelon) and two vegetables (potato, bottle gourd) collected from kitchen waste. From the proximate analysis, it was found that watermelon, orange and bottle gourd possess a high value of moisture content which means these peels contain various nutrients and bioactive compounds. Banana, watermelon and bottle gourd peels had high ash content value indicating the presence of substantial minerals. Banana, bottle gourd and potato peels showed a high protein content indicating potential biological activities. From the phytochemical analysis it was found that most of the properties are present in all peels indicating their antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, food wastes, especially fruit and vegetable peels are rich in vital nutrients necessary for optimal human health.

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