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Piloting a questionnaire on affective factors influencing Willingness to Communicate (WTC) in English among China undergraduates at a Malaysian university


Citation

Lyu, Yunhe and Abd Razak, Fatin Nabila and Ahmad Sani, Nurshafawati and Abdullah, Ain Nadzimah (2025) Piloting a questionnaire on affective factors influencing Willingness to Communicate (WTC) in English among China undergraduates at a Malaysian university. International Journal of Modern Languages and Applied Linguistics, 9 (4). pp. 73-87. ISSN 2600-7266

Abstract

This paper reports on a pilot study evaluating the clarity, reliability, and feasibility of a questionnaire designed to assess affective factors impacting China undergraduates’ Willingness to Communicate (WTC) in English at a Malaysian university. The research sought to understand their relationship with WTC by focusing on self-perceived communication competence (SPCC), communication apprehension (CA), motivation, and attitudes toward English. The questionnaire comprised five constructs covering relevant constructs. First, it seeks to assess the internal consistency, clarity, and contextual suitability of a 5-part questionnaire. Second, it provides preliminary insights into the affective profile of China undergraduates in Malaysia as it relates to English communication. A sample of 45 China undergraduates participated in this study. Results showed acceptable reliability (Cronbach’s alpha > .70) and highlighted the questionnaire’s suitability for the target population. Participant feedback improved item clarity and cultural relevance. This paper underscores the importance of piloting to validate instruments, especially in diverse educational settings, and shares lessons learned in instrument design and cultural adaptation.


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Additional Metadata

Item Type: Article
Subject: Education
Subject: Psychology
Subject: Linguistics
Divisions: Faculty of Modern Language and Communication
DOI Number: https://doi.org/10.24191/ijmal.v9i4.6798
Publisher: UiTM Press, Universiti Teknologi MARA
Keywords: Willingness to Communicate (WTC); Self-perceived communication competence (SPCC); Communication apprehension; Motivation; Attitude toward English; Chinese undergraduates; Reliability
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 4: Quality Education, SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities, SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals
Depositing User: Ms. Nur Faseha Mohd Kadim
Date Deposited: 19 May 2026 01:52
Last Modified: 19 May 2026 01:52
Altmetrics: http://www.altmetric.com/details.php?domain=psasir.upm.edu.my&doi=10.24191/ijmal.v9i4.6798
URI: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/125655
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