Electrochemical synthesis and anticancer inhibitory effect of Copper(II)–diclofenac/decanoic acid complexes on MCF 7 breast cancer cells

In this study, the Cu(II)–diclofenac/decanoic acid (Cu(II)–DF/DA) (copper(II) 2-[2-(2,6-dichloroanilino)phenyl]acetamide-decanoate) complex was synthesised using the electrochemical method by oxidising a Cu anode to release Cu2+, with graphite and KNO3 serving as the cathode and supporting electrolyte, respectively. The synthesised Cu(II)–DF/DA complex underwent characterisation using ATR-FTIR, NMR, XRD and UV–Vis, confirming the success of the electrochemical synthesis. Surface morphology and particle size analyses using FESEM and TEM revealed that the synthesised Cu(II)–DF/DA complex possesses a thread-like structure with an average particle size of 4.77±1.77 nm. Subsequently, the synthesised complex was used to assess the anticancer inhibitory effects on human breast cancer (MCF 7) and normal human breast epithelial (MCF 10A) cells. The treatment of MCF 7 cancer cells with Cu(II)–DF/DA at concentrations of 25 and 100 μmol L-1 resulted in a significant reduction in cell viability, with only 18 and 7 % of cells remaining viable after 72 h, respectively. In contrast, nearly 90 % of MCF 10A cells remained viable at comparable concentrations. This suggests that the synthesised Cu(II)–DF/DA shows potential as an effective and selective anticancer agent, being toxic to cancer cells while displaying lower toxicity to normal cells.

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