Anti-inflammatory effects of quercetin in a diabetic rat model of acute inflammation

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, often associated with delayed wound healing and heightened inflammatory responses. Quercetin, a flavonoid found in various fruits, vegetables, and grains, possesses notable anti-inflammatory properties. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of quercetin at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg in a diabetic rat model with acute local inflammation. Intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg in sterile water) was used to induce diabetes. Diabetes was diagnosed when fasting blood glucose levels were more than 16 mmol/L 24 hours after injection. Two acute inflammation models: carrageenan-induced paw edema and peritoneal vascular permeability were employed. Parameters assessed included paw volume, vascular permeability (Evans Blue dye extravasation), nitric oxide (NO) levels, COX-2 activity, and prostaglandin concentrations. Carrageenan administration induced significant paw edema, peaking at 5 hours post-injection. Quercetin treatment at all tested doses significantly reduced paw edema, with the highest inhibition (67.59%) observed at 100 mg/kg. NO levels were markedly decreased in treatment groups, indicating reduced inflammatory mediators. Prostaglandin levels were elevated in diabetic rats with inflammation but were significantly suppressed by quercetin, especially at 100 mg/kg. Vascular permeability, assessed via Evans Blue extravasation, was also significantly reduced in quercetin-treated groups. No significant differences in COX-2 activity were observed among groups. Quercetin exhibits potent anti-inflammatory effects in diabetic rats, demonstrated by reductions in paw edema, vascular permeability, nitric oxide production, and prostaglandin levels. These findings support quercetin's potential as a therapeutic agent for managing inflammation associated with diabetes.

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