Borneo’s indigenous fruits as natural sources for nano-coating applications: nutritional and antioxidant insights

Borneo’s indigenous fruits represent an underutilized yet highly valuable resource with immense potential as natural antioxidants in food, health, and packaging applications. Rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, polyphenols, anthocyanins, and carotenoids, these fruits exhibit strong antioxidant properties that support their use in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and food preservation. This review explores the nutritional composition, phytochemical richness, and antioxidant potential of selected Borneo indigenous fruits and their byproducts, while also highlighting their emerging relevance in nanoscience. Recent advances in nanotechnology have opened new avenues for enhancing the value and functionality of fruit-derived bioactives through nanoformulation techniques such as nanoemulsions and nanogels. These nanoscale systems improve the bioavailability, stability, and targeted delivery of antioxidants, making them more effective in health-related applications. Furthermore, the incorporation of these bioactives into biodegradable nano-coating films offers promising solutions for sustainable food packaging, wound healing, and cosmeceuticals. Despite their promising health benefits, research on the commercial applications of these fruits remains limited. Greater investment in scientific validation, commercialization, and conservation is essential to unlock their full potential. By bridging traditional knowledge with modern nanotechnology, Borneo’s indigenous fruits can contribute significantly to climate-smart food systems, biodiversity preservation, and the circular bioeconomy.

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