Harnessing Euphorbia wallichii for the sustainable synthesis of CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles with photocatalytic and antibacterial potential

The present study addresses the bio-mediated synthesis of phyto-functionalized cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4 NPs) by means of Euphorbia wallichii leaf extract, which deals a green and sustainable route for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The leaf extract acts as a reducing and stabilizing agent in the synthesis of CoFe2O4 NPs. The characterizations of CoFe2O4 NPs were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to confirm the phase and crystallinity, elemental composition and morphology were checked using scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). FTIR spectroscopy was used for functional groups analysis, and UV-DRS to calculate the bandgap energy. Moreover, the electrochemical surface area of CoFe2O4 was determined by a potentiostat using Cyclic Votammetry (CV) technique. The phyto-functionalized CoFe2O4 NPs showed excellent photocatalytic activity and 94.7% methylene Blue (MB) dye was degraded in 90 min under visible light irradiation with the rate constant 0.07935 min−1. Further, trapping and recycling experiments were also carried out to check the durability of the photocatalyst, and the results indicate that the degradation efficney of CoFe2O4 NPs was only decrease by 2.4%, even after four consecutive cycles. Moreover, the CoFe2O4 NPs exhibited potent antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive and Gram negative bacterias, highlighting the property of CoFe2O4 NPs for environmental and biomedical applications.

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