Formulation of bio-aviation fuel (BAF) B10: Blending Jet A1 with green diesel derived from catalytic deoxygenation (CDO) of waste cooking oil (WCO) using metal-doped NaY zeolite catalyst

Rose in global air traffic and the demand for a Carbon Net Zero policy forces the utilization of cleaner aviation fuel. Petroleum-based aviation fuel has a negative impact on the environment through the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). To reduce this GHG emission, bio-aviation fuel produced from catalytic deoxygenation of waste cooking oil (WCO) was developed to convert renewable resources to renewable and drop-in fuel. In this study, a catalytic deoxygenation (deCOx) process was employed to convert waste cooking oil (WCO) into green diesel, utilising a modified metal-doped NaY catalyst. The modified NaY catalysts were synthesized by dispersing transition metals (Fe, Ni, Cu, and Mo) through a liquid-liquid impregnation process. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterised using XRD, XRF, BET, PSA and SEM, while the liquid fuels were analyzed using GC-MS analysis. The formulation of BAF B10 involves blending green diesel and commercial Jet A1 in a 1:9 ratio utilising a straightforward mixing procedure. Based on the observation results, it is clear that the Ni-NaY catalyst has demonstrated impressive performance, producing 22 wt% green diesel yield with the highest hydrocarbon and the highest removal rates of oxygenated compounds at around 98.85% and 98.82%, respectively. The Ni-NaY catalyst's potential for effective green diesel production is underscored by its outstanding coke resistance, robustness, and significant reusability over five consecutive reaction cycles. The blending effect of green diesel and Jet A1 altered the chemical composition and hydrocarbon range of formulated BAF. The main composition of alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatic of BAF was improved as compared to green diesel due to a significant reduction in alkenes and oxygenated compounds. Blending at 10% significantly improved fuel quality, resulting in a decrease in the acid number by 89.6% and a reduction in the pour point to −50 °C, which is in close proximity to the reported Jet A values of −48 °C.

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