Establishment of micropropagation protocol and preliminary evaluation of somaclonal variation in micropropagated Musa x paradisiaca cv. ‘Tanduk’

Micropropagation provides a sustainable method for producing high-quality planting materials of Musa x paradisiaca cv. ‘Tanduk,’ an important commercial banana cultivar. However, tissue culture is constrained by somaclonal variation, which can reduce fruit quality and yield, affecting plant uniformity and market value. For this cultivar, no defined micropropagation protocol exists, particularly regarding optimal plant growth regulators (PGRs) and genetic stability assessment. This study aimed to optimize the micropropagation protocol and establish a preliminary method for screening somaclonal variants in tissue culture-derived shoots. Initial culture was established on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with varying concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BAP) and thidiazuron (TDZ) (1–10 mg/L). Combinations of PGRs, including BAP with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), BAP with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and TDZ with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), were further evaluated for shoot multiplication. Optimal responses were obtained at 6 mg/L BAP for shoot induction and 5 mg/L BAP + 0.2 mg/L IBA for multiplication. For genetic stability assessment, six inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers were screened, producing 0–12 amplified bands. ISSR U10 yielded the highest band number, while preliminary analysis with ISSR 4 detected 14.29% polymorphism in the 7th subculture compared to the field-grown mother plant. Conversely, ISSR U10 produced only monomorphic bands. Future studies should include additional replicates and a wider primer set to strengthen these findings. This work contributes toward a reliable protocol for large-scale propagation of true-to-type Musa x paradisiaca cv. ‘Tanduk,’ ensuring consistent quality for commercial cultivation.

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