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Effect of gelatin/xanthan gum ratios on jackfruit leaf extract nanoemulsion gel stability and properties


Citation

Mustafa, Haswani Maisarah and Mohd Amin, Nor Amaiza and Zakaria, Rabitah and Anuar, Mohd Shamsul and Baharuddin, Azhari Samsu (2025) Effect of gelatin/xanthan gum ratios on jackfruit leaf extract nanoemulsion gel stability and properties. BioResources, 20 (1). pp. 2056-2070. ISSN 1930-2126

Abstract

Nanoemulsions were formulated as hydrogels, incorporating extract from jackfruit leaf (JLE) and consisting of a blend of xanthan gum and fish gelatin (XAN-GEL). Utilizing the spontaneous emulsification technique, single xanthan gum (XAN), single fish gelatin (GEL), and XAN-GEL blends were hydrated at a mass ratio (0.5 to 2.5% w/v) and were prepared and subsequently assessed for various parameters such as droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, colloidal stability, and viscosity. Additionally, plain nanoemulsion (NE) and carbomer were synthesized as control samples for comparative analysis. The droplet size, PDI, and zeta potential values of the developed nanoemulsion and gelled nanoemulsion fell within the ranges of 131 to 223 nm, 0.23 to 0.33, and-27.3 to-47.3 mV, respectively. Notably, all formulations exhibited stability except for the lower amount of XAN ratio blends at 1.0% (MD) and 0.5% (ME). Furthermore, all stable nanoemulsion gels demonstrated shear thinning behavior, and the highest amount of XAN ratio blends at 2.0% (MA) enhanced the viscosity of the nanoemulsion by fine tuning the rheological characteristics of the targeted gelled nanoemulsion suitable for future topical drug delivery application.


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Additional Metadata

Item Type: Article
Subject: Environmental Engineering
Subject: Bioengineering
Subject: Waste Management and Disposal
Divisions: Faculty of Engineering
DOI Number: https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.20.1.2056-2070
Publisher: North Carolina State University
Keywords: Artocarpin; Fish gelatin; Jackfruit leaf extract; Nanoemulsion gel; Xanthan gum
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being, SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
Depositing User: Ms. Nur Faseha Mohd Kadim
Date Deposited: 06 May 2026 05:47
Last Modified: 06 May 2026 05:47
Altmetrics: http://www.altmetric.com/details.php?domain=psasir.upm.edu.my&doi=10.15376/biores.20.1.2056-2070
URI: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/125159
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