Omics-based approaches for investigating the mechanistic action of natural products as anti-diabetic agents: a comprehensive review

With the rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), the search for novel antidiabetic agents has become increasingly urgent. In the past two decades, there has been a significant shift toward exploring natural products as viable alternatives to synthetic antidiabetic drugs, which often come with undesirable side effects. Researchers have employed various methodologies to uncover the antidiabetic potential of these natural products, focusing on their mechanisms of action and molecular targets involved in DM pathogenesis. Advancements in high-throughput technologies have propelled omics-based techniques such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and bioinformatics into the forefront of research. These tools are instrumental in detailing the molecular changes that occur in DM and in identifying novel targets for natural products. By utilising these omics technologies, a review on molecular perspective on DM development will explore how these insights can lead to innovative strategies for diabetes management. The ability to identify new molecular targets and pathways promises for more effective and novel antidiabetic agents, thus contributing significantly to the future of diabetes treatment.

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