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Comparative study on extraction of essential oil from agarwood bark using subcritical water and conventional methods


Citation

Omar, Fatin Nordalila and Hisan, Nurul Nabilah and Alqarni, Etr Alnada Salam Rashid Issa and Izhar, Shamsul and Abdul Ghani, Abdul Karim and Zainuddin, Halimatun S. (2025) Comparative study on extraction of essential oil from agarwood bark using subcritical water and conventional methods. Solvent Extraction Research and Development, Japan, 32 (1). pp. 1-8. ISSN 1341-7215; eISSN: 2188-4765

Abstract

This study compared the quantity and quality of essential oil extracted from agarwood bark using subcritical water (Sub-CW), Soxhlet, and hydro-distillation (HD). From this study, Sub-CW is considered the most practical method for extraction of essential oil from agarwood bark as it produced the highest percentage of oil yield (4.89%) at the shortest extraction period (5 min) as compared to the Soxhlet (2.19%, 6 h) and HD methods (0.15%, 12 h). The highest oil yield was collected at a Sub-CW extraction temperature of 135 °C. From GC analysis, oil extracted using Sub-CW contains three oxygenated sesquiterpenes, which are epoxybulnesene, caryophyllene oxide, and kusunol.


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Additional Metadata

Item Type: Article
Subject: Chemistry (all)
Subject: Chemical Engineering (all)
Divisions: Faculty of Engineering
DOI Number: https://doi.org/10.15261/serdj.32.1
Publisher: Japan Association of Solvent Extraction
Keywords: Agarwood bark; Essential oil extraction; Subcritical water extraction; Soxhlet extraction; Hydrodistillation; Oil yield; Extraction efficiency; Oxygenated sesquiterpenes; Epoxybulnesene; Caryophyllene oxide
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production, SDG 15: Life on Land
Depositing User: Ms. Nur Faseha Mohd Kadim
Date Deposited: 04 May 2026 03:41
Last Modified: 04 May 2026 03:41
Altmetrics: http://www.altmetric.com/details.php?domain=psasir.upm.edu.my&doi=10.15261/serdj.32.1
URI: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/125156
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