A review of resistance training for adolescents: history, controversies, and practice guidelines

This study aims to systematically review the development history, related controversies, and practical guidance principles of resistance training for adolescents. The research shows that resistance training for adolescents has gradually shifted from being regarded as a “dangerous activity” in the early stages to a safe and effective training method supported by scientific evidence. The current controversies mainly focus on its safety and injury risks. The existing empirical evidence indicates that with effective supervision and scientific guidance, resistance training for adolescents not only has controllable safety but also significantly improves athletic performance, promotes physical development, and enhances mental health. Several professional associations have accordingly released training guidelines. However, the existing research and guidelines have not yet established a unified standard for “effective supervision”, and generally ignore the confounding effects of age and gender. Future research should develop gender- and age-specific training plans, standardize supervision practices, and further promote resistance training in physical education.

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