Optimization of a double pipe heat exchanger with the usage of Al2O3 nanoparticles in parallel flow conditions

Heat exchangers are most widely used in industrial applications, and different techniques have been used to increase their effectiveness. The addition of nanoparticles into the base fluid alters its heat transfer characteristics and the effectiveness of the heat exchanger. However, the nanoparticle overdosage is a constraint as it adversely affects the effectiveness of heat exchangers and causes operational issues. In the present work, we have used aluminum oxide (Al2O3) as the nanoparticles and studied their effect on the heat exchangers' effectiveness. A double pipe exchanger has been developed, and a series of experiments have been conducted to examine the impact of Al2O3 nanoparticles on the performance of three different concentrations of nanoparticles, 0.5, 1, and 1.5% in parallel flow conditions. From the experimental results of heat exchangers in parallel flow conditions, we have observed that the dosage of nanoparticles alters the effectiveness. The nanoparticle dosage of up to 1.5 % results in higher effectiveness; however, the difference between the effectiveness of 1% and 1.5 % is small. So, the Al2O3 dosage of 1 % is recommended, considering the cost of the nanoparticles and erosion problems with higher dosages of nanoparticles. A regression analysis has been carried out to optimize the dosage values. The actual equations for effectiveness obtained for parallel flow conditions have been presented.

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