Unsteady stagnation point of hybrid carbon nanotubes across a stretchy exponential cylinder with various shape factors

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) spark interest due to their inimitable characteristics, leading to a multitude of applications across various sectors. Thus, a mathematical model is developed for hybrid carbon nanotubes flow towards stagnation zone on an exponentially permeable cylinder. The flow is unsteady under stretching conditions. Nanoparticle geometry and thermal source are the physical manifestations of thermal energy. The basic formulation that defines the mathematical description of unsteady flow is recast into highly nonlinear differential equations through a new self-similarity variable. To produce observational data, a numerical tool (bvp4c) in Matlab utilized. The responses to flow factors are physically depicted through graphical illustration. The calculation yielded a non-unique nature in both (elongation/contraction) zones, with clearly spotted the respective critical points. The key results indicate that an exalts exponential parameter lead to prolong the onset of turbulent flow. The presence of hybrid carbon nanotubes reduced the range of solutions. Further, a noticeable linear drop found in thermal source and shape factor with the strength of hybrid carbon nanotubes. It is also found that the temperature profile of platelet nanoparticle exhibits the highest recorded values among all considered cases.

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