Evaluating the impact of die head temperature and alternative carbohydrate, Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita) on floating pellet production

In recent years, there has been a growing need to identify alternative carbohydrate sources to reduce dependency on traditional carbohydrates like rice flour. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the interaction between two types of carbohydrates and different extruder die head temperatures on the physical properties of extruded pellets. The carbohydrates tested in the basal diet included broken rice (BR) as the control and Chinese yam flour (CY) as an alternative carbohydrate source. The extruder die head temperatures were set to 100°C, 120°C, 140°C, and 160°C. This study aims to determine how these variables, individually and in combination, influence the physical characteristics of extruded pellets. The physical characteristics of the pellets, such as moisture content, bulk density, pellet durability, water absorption and solubility indices, floatability, and expansion ratio, were examined and analyzed. The results showed that the die head temperature and carbohydrate source (CY and BR) had significant effects on several physical attributes. As the die head temperature increased, the bulk density of CY and BR increased by 2.92 % and 10.87 %, respectively. The expansion ratio of CY and BR decreased in correlation with the bulk density as the die head temperature increased. The Water Absorption Index in CY and BR initially increased with temperature, peaking at 120°C, and then decreasing at 140°C before rising again at 160°C, suggesting that after gelatinization (100–120°C) and degradation (140°C), restructuring might occur at 160°C, leading to the observed increase in Water Absorption Index. Floatability decreased with increasing die head temperature, from 100.00 % at 100°C to 38.33 % at 160°C, with no significant interaction between temperature and carbohydrate type (CY and BR). In conclusion, CY is a promising alternative to BR for producing high-quality floating pellets and demonstrates significant potential for use in aquaculture feed.

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