Mineral carbonation pathways in accelerating sequestration capacity of industrial waste as feedstock for long-term carbon capture and storage

Given the urgent need to reduce global carbon emissions, it is essential to identify effective technological solutions to enhance long-Term carbon capture capacity. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) via mineral carbonation is an emerging technology that captures CO2 permanently and transforms it into stable carbonates. Industrial waste can be seen as a promising feedstock for mineral carbonation, a key branch of CCS technology. This systematic review emphasizes the crucial role of mineral carbonation, which presents a high potential for CO2 capture. Various types of industrial wastes were systematically reviewed which covers current developments and advances in mineral carbonation applications within the recent decade. This review delves into the adoption of indirect aqueous mineral carbonation to evaluate its carbonation efficiency, a key factor in projecting the future CO2 capture potential of this method. This includes identifying available reactive minerals for mineral carbonation (such as Ca, Mg and Fe-based minerals), evaluating impurity levels in industrial waste, examining the factors that influence the aqueous mineral carbonation process, and analyzing both leaching and carbonation efficiencies. The prospects and challenges for the sustainable adoption of this technology are discussed, focusing on process operations designed to offset the associated costs and energy consumption. The review estimates that approximately 8425 Mt/y of CO2 could be captured from the industrial waste through indirect aqueous mineral carbonation to meet the IEA net-zero target by 2050.

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