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Deep learning for Chinese font generation: a survey


Citation

Wang, Lei and Liu, Yu and Sharum, Mohd Yunus and Yaakob, Razali and Kasmiran, Khairul Azhar and Wang, Cunrui (2025) Deep learning for Chinese font generation: a survey. Expert Systems with Applications, 276. art. no. 127105. ISSN 0957-4174

Abstract

Fonts, collections of characters with unique styles, directly influence the visual appearance of text. However, font design and development require extensive expertise and significant labor. In recent years, breakthroughs in deep learning have significantly advanced Chinese font generation (CFG) and its related applications. This paper provides a comprehensive review of deep learning-based Chinese font generation techniques and the latest advancements in their applications. Based on an extensive literature review, we first define the fundamental problems and key challenges of font generation. Next, we summarize publicly available datasets and evaluation metrics, analyzing their performance in practical applications. We then review the development of Chinese font generation research in the deep learning era, systematically analyzing the current state of the technology from multiple perspectives, including neural network architectures, task paradigms, and training strategies. Finally, this paper discusses the current state and challenges of research applications while outlining future research directions. This review aims to advance CFG research by offering a comprehensive perspective and inspiring future advancements.


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Additional Metadata

Item Type: Article
Subject: Engineering (all)
Subject: Computer Science Applications
Subject: Artificial Intelligence
Divisions: Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology
DOI Number: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2025.127105
Publisher: Elsevier
Keywords: Chinese font generation; Deep learning; Font style transfer; Generative models
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure, SDG 4: Quality Education, SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities
Depositing User: Ms. Nur Faseha Mohd Kadim
Date Deposited: 20 May 2026 04:54
Last Modified: 20 May 2026 04:54
Altmetrics: http://www.altmetric.com/details.php?domain=psasir.upm.edu.my&doi=10.1016/j.eswa.2025.127105
URI: http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/124221
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