Sustainable activated carbon derived from coconut shell and betel nuts for energy storage and environmental remediation

Biomass derived activated carbon (BDAC) has been gaining significant attention due to their sustainability, affordability with the suitablity for the environment. In this study, we have explored coconut shells and betel nuts derived activated carbon to develop the supercapacitors and wastewater remediation. The activated carbon are prepared through chemical activation method and impregnated with KOH at 800 °C. The activated carbon from coconut shells have a homogeneous microstructure, whereas betel nuts exhibit a hierarchical porous structure and good electrochemical properties. The structural, morphological, electrochemical and adsorption performance of activated carbon samples are examined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, BET surface analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge and discharge (GCD), and kinetic studies. Activated carbon materials have exhibited the high surface area for coconut shells (215.77 m2/g) and betel nuts (344 m2/g). The betel nuts are found to have higher specific capacitance (572 F/g at 2 A/g) than coconut shells (529 F/g at 2 A/g). Additionally, the materials have outstanding dye removal capacity, achieving 98.7 % of methylene blue (MB) dye. These results indicate that activated carbon derived from coconut shells and betel nuts is a promising material for addressing global energy and wastewater pollution challenges.

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