Analyzing the environmental effect and efficiency of additives and nano-additives with biodiesel blends on aero-engine

The main target of this study is to assess the performance and emissions of the KingTech K180 turbojet engine fueled by using nanoparticles (graphene oxide (GNP) and copper oxide (CuO) as nano-additives into palm methyl ester (PME) blends. The nano-additives GNP and CuO were distributed in 25 and 20 volume percentages of the PME-Jet A1 blend. Characterization via XRD and SEM ensured nanoparticle size, stability, and purity. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) evaluated nanoparticle impact on PME, while surfactant SLS aided blend homogenization. Ultrasonication amalgamated 30 and 15 PPM of GNP and CuO nanoparticles with PME. Engine performance was assessed at varying speeds and power levels at sea level. In light of this, the physiochemical property findings showed that the of B20DEE10 was 26.42 % lower than that of PME30, and the density of B25D5GNP30 was 917.97 kg/m3, greater than the density value for PME30. B25GNP15CuO15 exhibited the highest oxidation initiation temperature (OIT) at 204.13 °C, with B25GNP30 surpassing B25 by 6.13 %. B25GNP30D5 recorded an OIT of 284.51 °C. Notable performance enhancements were observed, with B20D10GNP15CuO15 achieving 20 % greater thrust at 120k RPM compared to PME30 and lower thrust-specific fuel consumption (TSFC) at 100k RPM. In emissions, B25D5GNP30 emitted 12 % less CO than PME30 at low speed, while B20D10GNP15CuO15 produced the least NOx at 25k RPM (4 ppm) compared to PME30. The study underscores GNP nanoparticles’ potential as fuel additives, enhancing physicochemical properties and consequently improving engine performance and emissions.

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