Agricultural waste–derived biofertilizers for sustainable mushroom cultivation: a case study using banana peel

Mushrooms are not only a nutritious and versatile food source but also have the potential to contribute to sustainable agriculture via the use of biofertilizers. Following Agenda 2030, biofertilizers can be selected from the widely available food and agricultural wastes to increase circularity. Food and agricultural wastes serve as optimal candidates for biofertilizers, offering a wealth of plant-growth-promoting nutrients and microorganisms. Primarily rich in essential macro-elements like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, these wastes directly contribute to plant growth. The diverse array of plant-growth-promoting bacteria within biofertilizers enhances soil fertility, promotes plant growth, improves nutrient absorption, and provides valuable attributes such as antifungal properties and nutrient solubilization. This review seeks to underscore the significance of employing biofertilizers in mushroom cultivation for enhancing circularity in future food production, specifically focusing on banana peels as an illustrative example.

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