Factors associated with energy and protein intake among breast cancer patients in National Cancer Institute

Breast cancer is a growing global burden affecting millions of women worldwide. Adequate energy and protein intake are fundamental for optimal recovery, as insufficient intake can lead to various complications. ESPEN Practical Guidelines for Cancer Patients (2021) recommend energy and protein intake ranging between 25-30 kcal/kg/day and 1.0 g/kg/day respectively. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the factors associated with energy and protein intake among breast cancer patients at the National Cancer Institute in Putrajaya. Methods: Sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometry data, medical characteristics, handgrip strength, and food history were collected from 32 Malaysian outpatients aged 18 and above using medical history and self-administered questionnaires. Outpatients with chronic diseases and those in other research studies were excluded. Energy and protein intake were analyzed using Nutritionist Pro Software, while IBM SPSS version 27 was used for data analysis. Results: Majority of respondents had adequate protein and energy intake. Statistically significant associations were observed between age (X² = 4.937, p = 0.04), Body Mass Index (X² = 8.312, p = 0.01) and energy intake. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the nutritional status of breast cancer patients and emphasizes the significance of addressing specific factors that can influence energy and protein intake.

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