Carboxymethylation of Sago Starch and Sago Waste and the Formation of Carboxymethyl Starchhydrogel Via Irradiation Technique

Carboxymethyl starch (CMS) and carboxymethyl sago waste (CMSW) were synthesized in completely heterogeneous conditions as a product of the reaction of sago starch or sago waste and sodium monochloroacetate (CICH₂COONa) in isopropanol and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The influence of various parameters on the degree of substitution (DS) was determined. The optimum conditions obtained for CMS were as follows: NaOH concentration, 20% w/v; reaction time, 1 h; reaction temperature, 55°C; and amount of CICH₂COONa, 1.5 mole. Meanwhile the optimum conditions for carboxymethylation of sago waste were as follows: NaOH concentration, 25 % w/v; reaction time, 2 h; reaction temperature, 55°C; and amount of CICI-bCOONa, 2.0 mole. The DS and reaction efficiency (RE) under optimum conditions for CMS were 1.05 and· 85.9%, respectively, whereas for CMSW were 1.04 and 79.5%, respectively.

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