Isolation And Characterization Of Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase (Pal) And Other Defence Response Genes From Oil Palm (Elaies Guineensis Jacq.)

Enhanced disease resistance and plant defense response against pathogen attack and environmental stresses have always been important targets of plant biotechnology. The activation of the defense response requires the recognition of an elicitor and the subsequent initiation of a signal transduction pathway, which then leads to the activation of defense genes and the production of phytoalexins. Plants respond to pathogen attack and environmental stimuli by activating a wide variety of defense reactions including transcriptional activation of genes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, accumulation of antimicrobial phytoalexins, and ethylene production. Phenylpropanoid metabolism is a plant specific pathway that leads to the production of secondary metabolites including isoflavonoid phytoalexins, lignin, flavonoid pigments and UV protectants such as furanocoumarin. Here, we report the isolation of several , different clones that are involved in the plant defense response by screening of oil palm zygotic embryo and suspension culture cDNA libraries.These clones include phenylalanine ammonia- lyase (PAL) (4-4A, II F I and 12B1), S-adenosylmethionine synthetase I (Adomet synthetase I) (11 AI), peroxidase (7 A2), chitinase III (4A3), calmodulin (3E2), and beta-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (KCS) (3G 1).

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